Bence Jones Protein



Test Description


Individuals with such conditions as multiple myeloma and amyloidosis often have
an increased production of a single homogeneous immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin
fragment (i.e., kappa or lambda light chains). These immunoglobulin light
chains, called Bence Jones proteins, are small and easily cleared by the kidney.
Hence, they will be present in the urine and are usually absent in the plasma.
Historically, the detection of light chains in urine was based on their unique solubility
characteristics related to temperature. On heating a urine sample, these proteins
will precipitate out of solution when at 40°C to 60°C, redissolve at 100°C, and
reappear on cooling. This “heat precipitation test” is insensitive and nonspecific.
Today, sensitive and specific detection of Bence Jones protein is obtained using the
immunoelectrophoresis process.

ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
Normal Values    

Absence of Bence Jones protein in the urine

Possible Meanings of Abnormal Values

Increased
Adult Fanconi’s syndrome
Amyloidosis
Benign monoclonal gammopathy
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic renal insufficiency
Cryoglobulinemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Lymphoma
Metastases
Multiple myeloma
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

Contributing Factors to Abnormal Values


• False-negative test results may occur with dilute urine or in the presence of severe
 urinary tract infection.
ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

Interventions/Implications

Pretest
• Explain the procedure to the patient, stressing the importance of not contaminating the
 specimen.
• No fasting is required before the test.

Procedure

• A minimum of 50 mL of urine is needed for the test. Collection of an early morning specimen
is best.
• Use of clean-catch midstream technique is recommended to prevent contamination of the
specimen.
• A clean-catch kit containing cleansing materials and a sterile specimen container is
given to the patient.
• Male patients should cleanse the urinary meatus with the materials provided or with
soap and water, void a small amount into the toilet, and then void directly into the
specimen container.
• Female patients should cleanse the labia minora and urinary meatus, cleansing
from front to back. While keeping the labia separated, the female should void
a small amount into the toilet and then void directly into the specimen
container.
• Instruct patients to avoid touching the inside of the specimen container and lid.
• A 24-hour urine collection may be needed to detect trace amounts of protein. If so, refrigerate
specimen throughout the collection.
• Gloves are worn by the health-care worker when dealing with the specimen.
Posttest
• Label the specimen. The specimen must be transported to the laboratory immediately or
refrigerated to prevent bacterial growth that can lead to a breakdown of proteins.
• Report abnormal findings to the primary care provider.

تعليقات

إرسال تعليق

المشاركات الشائعة من هذه المدونة

Anti-Parietal Cell Antibody

Test Description The anti-parietal cell antibody test (APCA) measures the presence of antibodies against gastric parietal cells. When antibodies form against the parietal cells in the stomach, their production of intrinsic factor is disrupted. This results in pernicious anemia due to an autoimmune process. Thus the APCA test is used in the evaluation of pernicious anemia. It may be elevated in atrophic gastritis and in some other autoimmune processes. Normal Values Negative Possible Meanings of Abnormal Values Positive CREST syndrome Scleroderma Contributing Factors to Abnormal Values • Drugs that may increase antiscleroderma antibody levels: aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid,   methyldopa, penicillin, propylthiouracil, streptomycin, tetracycline.    Interventions/Implications Pretest • Explain to the patient the purpose of the test and the need for a blood sample to be drawn. • No fasting is required before the test. Procedure • A 7-mL bl...
قراءة المزيد

انواع تحاليل السكر

1- تحليل السكر العشوائي  R.B.S { Random Blood Glucose }  فائدته فقط أنه يعطي فكرة عامة عن مستوى السكر في دم المريض حيث يتم تحليل العينة في أي وقت خلال اليوم ، سواء لمريض السكر أو الشخص السليم وتؤخذ نتائج هذا التحليل إلى الطيبب ليقوم بتقييم حالة المريض. 2- تحليل سكر الصائم: F.B.S { Fasting Blood Glucose }   يجرى هذا التحليل على المريض بحيث يكون صائمآ من 6 – 8 ساعة علمآ أن المستوى الطبيعي للسكر في الدم يتراوح ما بين 70 – 110 مجم لكل 100ملليتر دم، فإذا زادت النسبة عن 120 فهذا مؤشر لحدوث الاصابة بالسكر في المستقبل، وإذا تجاوزت 130 فهذا يعتبر مريضآ بالسكر، ويتم التأكد من ذلك بإعادة التحليل لمرتين أو 3 مرات متتابعة على الأقل بفاصل اسبوع بين كل قياس.  3- تحليل السكر بعد ساعتين من الأكل  P.P.S { Post Prandial Sugar } يتم هذا التحليل على المريض بعد وجبة طبيعية ( أو 75 جرام جلوكوز) ثم نقيس له السكر في الدم بعد ساعتين من الاكل ، وفائدة هذا التحليل أنه يعطينا فكرة عن مستقبل حدوث مرض السكر عند هذا المريض وهل سوف يحتاج إلى تحليل منحنى السكر أو لا. فإذا تجاوز...
قراءة المزيد