Anti-Parietal Cell Antibody

Test Description

The anti-parietal cell antibody test (APCA) measures the presence of antibodies
against gastric parietal cells. When antibodies form against the parietal cells in the
stomach, their production of intrinsic factor is disrupted. This results in pernicious
anemia due to an autoimmune process. Thus the APCA test is used in the evaluation
of pernicious anemia. It may be elevated in atrophic gastritis and in some other
autoimmune processes.

Normal Values

Negative

Possible Meanings of Abnormal Values

Positive
CREST syndrome
Scleroderma

Contributing Factors to Abnormal Values

• Drugs that may increase antiscleroderma antibody levels: aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid,
  methyldopa, penicillin, propylthiouracil, streptomycin, tetracycline.

   Interventions/Implications

Pretest
• Explain to the patient the purpose of the test and the need for a blood sample to be drawn.
• No fasting is required before the test.

Procedure

• A 7-mL blood sample is drawn in a red-top collection tube.
• Gloves are worn throughout the procedure.

Posttest

• Apply pressure at venipuncture site. Apply dressing, periodically assessing for continued
  bleeding.
• Label the specimen and transport it to the laboratory.
• Report abnormal findings to the primary care provider.