Amylase,urine



Test Description

Amylase is an enzyme found primarily in the pancreas and salivary glands and in
minor amounts in the liver and fallopian tubes. Whenever there is an inflammation
of the pancreas or salivary glands, more amylase is released into the bloodstream
and excreted by the kidneys. Amylase assists in the digestion of complex carbohydrates
into simple sugars.
Amylase levels may be measured in the serum and in the urine. Whereas the
serum amylase level begins to rise 3 to 6 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis
and returns to normal within 2 to 3 days after onset of acute pancreatitis, the
urine amylase level is elevated for 7 to 10 days. Thus, testing for urine amylase is
a useful way to demonstrate the presence of acute pancreatitis after serum amylase
levels have returned to normal. The test may be conducted with a minimum of a
2-hour urine collection, a 24-hour urine collection, or a variety of other time periods

Normal Values

    0–375 U/L (0–6.25 mkat/L SI units)

Possible Meanings of Abnormal Values

Increased                                                                            Decreased

Acute pancreatitis                                                                 Cirrhosis of liver
Alcoholism                                                                           Hepatitis
Biliary obstruction                                                                Pancreatic cancer
Cholelithiasis                                                                        Severe burns
Diabetic ketoacidosis                                                            Severe thyrotoxicosis
Hyperlipidemia                                                                     Toxemia of pregnancy
Hyperthyroidism
Inflammation of salivary glands
Mumps
Perforated bowel
Perforated peptic ulcer
Pregnancy
Ruptured tubal pregnancy

Contributing Factors to Abnormal Values

• Contamination of the sample with saliva by talking over an uncovered urine specimen
   may falsely increase test results.
• Drugs that may increase urine amylase levels: alcohol, aspirin, bethanechol,
   codeine, indomethacin, meperidine, morphine, pentazocine, thiazide diuretics.
• Drugs that may decrease urine amylase levels: fluorides, glucose.

Interventions/Implications 

Pretest

• Explain 24-hour urine collection procedure to the patient. (Note: Shorter urine collection
periods, such as 2 hours, may be ordered in place of a 24-hour collection.)
• Stress the importance of saving all urine in the 24-hour period. Instruct the patient to
avoid contaminating the urine with toilet paper or feces.

Procedure

• Obtain the proper container containing no preservative from the laboratory.
• Begin the testing period in the morning after the patient’s first voiding, which is discarded.
• Timing of the 24-hour period begins at the time the first voiding is discarded.
• All urine for the next 24 hours is collected in the container, which is to be kept refrigerated
   or on ice.
• If any urine is accidentally discarded during the 24-hour period, the test must be discontinued
  and a new test begun.
• The ending time of the 24-hour collection period should be posted in the patient’s room.
• Gloves are worn whenever dealing with the specimen collection.

Posttest

• At the end of the 24-hour collection period, label and send the urine container to the laboratory
  as soon as possible.
• Report abnormal findings to the primary care provider.

تعليقات

إرسال تعليق

المشاركات الشائعة من هذه المدونة

Anti-Parietal Cell Antibody

Test Description The anti-parietal cell antibody test (APCA) measures the presence of antibodies against gastric parietal cells. When antibodies form against the parietal cells in the stomach, their production of intrinsic factor is disrupted. This results in pernicious anemia due to an autoimmune process. Thus the APCA test is used in the evaluation of pernicious anemia. It may be elevated in atrophic gastritis and in some other autoimmune processes. Normal Values Negative Possible Meanings of Abnormal Values Positive CREST syndrome Scleroderma Contributing Factors to Abnormal Values • Drugs that may increase antiscleroderma antibody levels: aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid,   methyldopa, penicillin, propylthiouracil, streptomycin, tetracycline.    Interventions/Implications Pretest • Explain to the patient the purpose of the test and the need for a blood sample to be drawn. • No fasting is required before the test. Procedure • A 7-mL bl...
قراءة المزيد

انواع تحاليل السكر

1- تحليل السكر العشوائي  R.B.S { Random Blood Glucose }  فائدته فقط أنه يعطي فكرة عامة عن مستوى السكر في دم المريض حيث يتم تحليل العينة في أي وقت خلال اليوم ، سواء لمريض السكر أو الشخص السليم وتؤخذ نتائج هذا التحليل إلى الطيبب ليقوم بتقييم حالة المريض. 2- تحليل سكر الصائم: F.B.S { Fasting Blood Glucose }   يجرى هذا التحليل على المريض بحيث يكون صائمآ من 6 – 8 ساعة علمآ أن المستوى الطبيعي للسكر في الدم يتراوح ما بين 70 – 110 مجم لكل 100ملليتر دم، فإذا زادت النسبة عن 120 فهذا مؤشر لحدوث الاصابة بالسكر في المستقبل، وإذا تجاوزت 130 فهذا يعتبر مريضآ بالسكر، ويتم التأكد من ذلك بإعادة التحليل لمرتين أو 3 مرات متتابعة على الأقل بفاصل اسبوع بين كل قياس.  3- تحليل السكر بعد ساعتين من الأكل  P.P.S { Post Prandial Sugar } يتم هذا التحليل على المريض بعد وجبة طبيعية ( أو 75 جرام جلوكوز) ثم نقيس له السكر في الدم بعد ساعتين من الاكل ، وفائدة هذا التحليل أنه يعطينا فكرة عن مستقبل حدوث مرض السكر عند هذا المريض وهل سوف يحتاج إلى تحليل منحنى السكر أو لا. فإذا تجاوز...
قراءة المزيد